Ray-Tracing Antenna Array Simulation in MATLAB with Steering Vectors and Element-Level Design in Real-World Environments

This project presents a MATLAB-based simulation framework for antenna array design, integrating ray-tracing methods, steering vectors, and individual element patterns for real-world environments. The framework enables efficient estimation of Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) using propagation data while supporting custom STL-based and user-defined array configurations. Steering vectors are employed to accurately model array response, optimize beamforming, and enhance localization precision. The system achieves rapid processing times, taking approximately 2 minutes to transition from individual element patterns to full array configuration with steering vector application in STL defined environments and 2.5 minutes for GPS-based building environments. Users can analyze power distribution, signal loss, and localization performance under varying conditions such as speed, noise, and distance. The system also facilitates coherent beamforming design, demonstrating precise signal alignment and interference mitigation with reduced processing time.