Spider Wasp Optimizer-based PID Control Approach for Temperature Management in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors

Temperature control in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) poses a significant challenge due to the inherent nonlinearity of the process and the presence of time delays. These complexities often result in unstable and inefficient performance of traditional control systems. In this paper, a novel approach based on optimizing a PID-F controller using the spider wasp optimizer (SWO) is proposed to address temperature management in CSTRs. This method leverages SWO’s computational capabilities to finely tune the controller parameters, effectively overcoming the challenges of nonlinearity and time delays. To implement this solution, the CSTR’s mathematical model was linearized and approximated as a stable first-order plus time delay (SFOPTD) model. The performance of SWO in optimizing the PID-F controller was then compared with other established algorithms (CFOA, FLA, and MPA) through simulation studies. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SWO-based approach achieves a minimum rise time (0.0126 s), the lowest overshoot ($0.1249 \%$), and a fast settling time (0.0645 s). These outcomes highlight SWO’s superior performance over competing algorithms, underscoring its potential for industrial applications in CSTR control.