Resilience Enhancement for Electricity and Cellular Wireless Networks Using Mobile Energy Storage Systems

The power consumption of base stations (BSs) is increasing with the growth of the number of mobile terminals and communication requirements. In this context, the reliability of the power supply for BSs directly impacts the resilience of communication networks, which has become a critical concern for modern society. Previous studies have not fully addressed the interdependence between electricity and cellular wireless networks, nor the dynamic adaptability required to maintain a continuous power supply for BSs during severe disruptions. This paper addresses these gaps by investigating the synergistic interaction between these networks, with a particular focus on the spatial demand shift of communication loads and quality-of-service (QoS) metrics. Furthermore, we propose a novel three-stage resilience enhancement strategy, leveraging the mobility of mobile energy storage systems (MESSs). In the first stage, a robust optimization model is developed to pre-position MESSs at vulnerable points in the coupled electricity and communication networks, ensuring comprehensive preparedness for worst-case scenarios. During the second stage, a microgrid formation model is introduced to isolate the power supply of BSs from the disrupted main grid, mitigating the risk of failure propagation. In the third stage, we propose a dynamic MESS dispatch model based on a spatial-temporal multi-layer directed graph and an adaptive network reconfiguration strategy to efficiently restore power to BSs. Case studies conducted on a 58-bus distribution system validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing resilience through optimal MESS scheduling and microgrid formation.