Features of General Primary Frequency Control in Isolated Power Systems

The article explores the features of general primary frequency control in isolated power systems characterized by low inertia, limited power reserves, and a high share of hydropower generation. The study employs a digital mathematical model replicating the Norilsk-Taimyr Energy Company power system to identify critical challenges in general primary frequency control: persistent frequency oscillations arising from mismatches between static and astatic regulators, conventional control algorithms that inadequately adapt to isolated systems with high hydropower integration, and delayed responses to abrupt load shifts. Validation against data from a real Norilsk-Taimyr Energy Company power system incident demonstrates the model's ability to simulate transient dynamics, including frequency oscillations during power deficits. The practical significance of this study lies in developing a tool for optimizing general primary frequency control in isolated power systems in Russia (e.g., Arctic and Far East regions). This tool aims to reduce emergency shutdowns, minimize equipment wear and tear, and facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources. Future research directions include the development of adaptive algorithms with constraints on power ramp rates and improved coordination of diverse generation sources.