Communication Protocols in Embedded Systems for Automotive Applications: Comparative Analysis and Implementation Through Virtual Instruments

This paper presents a comparative analysis of key communication protocols used in embedded systems within the automotive industry, with a focus on both wired and wireless technologies. The study explores the architecture, data rate, reliability, and application domains of protocols such as CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), FlexRay, MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport), Modbus (TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)), Ethernet, I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter), Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. These protocols are evaluated based on their suitability for various vehicle subsystems including powertrain, infotainment, diagnostics, and sensor networks. In addition to the theoretical review, the paper includes two practical implementations developed using virtual instrumentation tools: a Modbus TCP/IP-based monitoring system in LabVIEW and an I2C/UART-based sensor interface in MATLAB. These demonstrators illustrate real-time data acquisition and visualization techniques relevant to embedded automotive communication. The integration of both classic and modern protocols provides insight into the current and emerging trends in vehicle networking.