RFALL: Multi-Directional Fall Detection and Pseudo Localization using RFID Tag Arrays

This study presents RFALL, a contactless monitoring system using ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID tag array for directional fall detection with pseudo localization. The system processes raw received signal strength (RSSI) data with minimal preprocessing (normalization only) to classify static activities (no-activity, standing, leaning) and dynamic falls (left, right, forward, backward) while providing column-based spatial positioning within monitoring zones. The system was validated at distances of 3.5-5.5m across three different wall configurations, achieving a maximum precision of 97.6% using machine learning algorithms, with support vector machine showing superior performance. The system’s ability to utilize unique RFID tag IDs enables simultaneous monitoring of multiple individuals, enhancing its applicability in patient care and management while maintaining cost-effectiveness through minimal hardware requirements.