The Least Significant Bit and Linear Equation Steganography Algorithm for Securing Image Messages

The escalating exchange of digital information underscores an urgent need for enhanced data security, particularly for covert communication where traditional encryption might attract undue attention. Steganography, which conceals the very existence of a message within multimedia files such as images, offers a viable solution. This research addresses this need by developing and evaluating a secure steganography algorithm that combines the Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution method with linear equations to embed a secret image within a cover image. The LSB technique is chosen for its simplicity and minimal impact on the cover image's visual quality, while linear equations are utilized to strategically distribute the hidden data, thereby increasing security against detection. The methodology involves using various cover and secret image files as materials, with the algorithm implemented in a web-based application developed using Python and the Laravel PHP framework. Experimental results quantitatively demonstrate the algorithm's efficacy, achieving low Mean Squared Error (MSE) values (averaging approximately 0.34, with values as low as 0.137 from a set of tests) and high Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values (averaging approximately 53.2 dB, with values up to $\mathbf{5 6. 7 7 7 ~ d B}$ from the same tests). These results confirm the algorithm's capacity for secure and imperceptible image concealment, offering a robust method for protecting sensitive information during digital transmission.