Dual-Band 4x1 Array Antenna: Elevating Satellite Communication Systems

The design and performance improvement of a dual-band $4 \times 1$ patch antenna array, tailored for advanced satellite communication links, has been proposed in this research. The intended antenna array incorporates a Defected Ground Structure-(DGS), which is purposefully constructed to achieve wide bandwidth and efficiency, alongside a quarterwave transmission line to enable improved power transfer to the radiating elements. The antenna is built on FR-4 substrate, which has a lossy dielectric constant of 4.4. Computational findings reveal return losses of −17.9 dB at 1.96 GHz, and −23.7 dB at 3.55 GHz, which correlate to the observed values of −16.8 dB at 1.92 GHz, and −22.7 dB at 3.64 GHz, indicating ideal impedance matching. The VSWR tests, which yielded values of 1.2 at 1.96 GHz, and 1.1 at 3.55 GHz in simulations, and 1.3 at 1.92 GHz, and 1.1 at 3.64 GHz experimentally, highlight the low reflected power. The antenna's witnessed gain of 2.47 dBi at 1.92 GHz, and 4 dBi at 3.64 GHz, together with bandwidths of 485.3 MHz, and 1.37 GHz, respectively, indicates its potential for high-efficiency satellite telecommunication. The dual-band architecture lets antenna to simultaneously perform on various frequency bands, enabling both uplink and downlink transmission.