Compact Dual-Band Antenna for C-Band 5G Biotelemetry in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

This letter introduces a miniaturized dual-band implantable antenna (volume of 21.53 mm³) to adapt C-band 5G biotelemetry in wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE). Open-ended slots were engraved on a patch to tune the antenna efficiently. The antenna, along with the battery, printed circuit board (PCB), camera, and data-management system was placed within a biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol capsule. This antenna was communicating with fractional bandwidths of 20.42% and 13.85% and realized gains of −24.08 dBi and −26.11 dBi up to 12 m and 6 m distances at 2.45 GHz and 4.55 GHz within the human body phantom, respectively. The antenna system was fabricated and placed within two homogeneous body models to verify its performance at both frequencies. The proposed system shows the known best performance reported on wireless capsule endoscopic systems. Introduction of 5G facility in WCE biotelemetry is also a novel approach in this application to improve the quality of smart patient monitoring.