On Digital Twin for Multi-Terminal HVDC: Application to Fault Location on the DC Side

In this contribution, we present two important workflows: one dedicated to the design of multiterminal HVDC systems and another focused on the development of digital twin technology. We begin by providing a brief explanation of the design methodology for a multiterminal HVDC system. Next, we detail how the digital twin concept is applied to fault detection and location in the DC grid section of the HVDC system. The fault detection strategy is divided into two phases. In the first phase, the faulty segment is identified by estimating the conductances of various segments. In the second phase, an unscented Kalman filter is employed to determine the exact fault location. The proposed approach is evaluated using four multiterminal test cases, and the results demonstrate that it is promising for HVDC system fault diagnosis.