Load Frequency Control in Modern Power System-An Overview

Load Frequency Control (LFC) is a critical aspect of maintaining the reliability and stability of power systems. With the increase in renewable energy sources, deregulated environment and the evolution of smart grids, the challenges and opportunities associated with LFC have become more pronounced. Numerous articles have been published on LFC, addressing various control strategies for the successful operation of power systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in LFC, focusing on the various control strategies employed in traditional, Contemporary, and Next-Generation Systems. This review effectively covers challenges and opportunities for frequency regulation under recent developments. The review highlights the advancements in control methodologies, including classical, modern, intelligent, and soft computing-based approaches. Additionally, it discusses the impact of renewable energy integration on LFC, and identifies the research gaps and future directions in this field. It also summarizes and explains different scenarios involving Energy Storage (ES), micro-grids, and FACTS devices to explore potential solutions and future directions. The findings of this review aim to guide researchers and practitioners in developing more robust and efficient LFC strategies to address the dynamic challenges of modern power systems.