PHY-Layer Authentication Exploiting Spatial Channel and Radiometric Signatures for mmWave MIMO Systems

This letter presents a robust physical-layer (PHY-layer) authentication framework for millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems by jointly exploiting spatial channel features and hardware-induced impairments. A CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensor decomposition is employed to extract path, angle, and array error features, which are individually classified via binary hypothesis testing. The final decision is obtained through weighted fusion. Closed-form expressions for false alarm and detection probabilities are derived, and simulations confirm the method’s high accuracy and robustness under various spoofing attacks.