Optimal Configuration and Performance Enhancement of Time-Modulated Circular Antenna Arrays

In order to optimize the synthesis of Asymmetric Time-Modulated Circular Antenna Array (ATMCAA) and Symmetric Time-Modulated Circular Antenna Array (STMCAA), this work presents the Novel Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (NPSO). Inter-element spacing and uniform current excitation are maintained by regulating the switching time sequence and progressive phase delay of each element. A distinct cost function is developed for each of the two case studies. Using 20- and 36-element examples, several low side-lobe designs synthesized from ATMCAA and STMCAA are compared with traditional circular arrays. Through the manipulation of switching time sequence and progressive phase delay, the cost function is optimized to simultaneously reduce the side-lobe level (SLL) and directivity in ATMCAA and STMCAA. When it comes to antenna array synthesis, NPSO performs better than other algorithms, such as cat swarm optimization and invasive weed optimization. This study demonstrates how effective NPSO is at optimizing antenna arrays in order to improve higher communication reliability and signal quality.