Transformation of corn cob waste into activated carbon for efficient wastewater treatment

The release of complex, non-biodegradable dyes and chemicals from the textile industry significantly contributes to global water pollution. This study explores the development of an affordable, sustainable adsorbent made from maize cob waste, a readily available lignocellulosic agricultural byproduct. By employing calcium chloride (CaCl₂) along with controlled thermal carbonization and chemical activation, we produced activated carbon. The material was characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, and BET analyses, revealing a mesoporous, amorphous structure rich in surface functional groups, crucial for effective adsorption. Batch adsorption tests with Reactive Orange 16 dye demonstrated excellent removal efficiency, achieving optimal results at a 0.3 g adsorbent dose and a 90-minute contact time. The performance of the maize cob adsorbent was comparable to that of commercial activated carbon, maintaining consistent efficiency across varying pH levels. This study highlights the potential of activated carbon derived from corn cobs as an eco-friendly alternative for treating textile wastewater. By converting agricultural waste into valuable adsorbents, this approach advances the circular economy and offers a scalable, decentralized method for sustainable water treatment.