Real-Time Tracking of Public Transport using Sensor Technology to Enhance Efficiency

The demand for real-time public transport tracking has led to the development of innovative solutions to address inefficiencies in conventional systems. Traditional methods relying on fixed schedules and manual reporting often result in inaccurate data and delays. This paper presents a GPS-based real-time tracking system integrating an Arduino Nano microcontroller with a NEO-6M GPS module for precise location tracking. A Wi-Fi (ESP8266) or GSM module transmits data to a backend server, such as one running Node.js, where it is processed and stored. A web-based application, utilizing JavaScript and the Google Maps API, allows passengers and transit authorities to access real-time bus locations, route progress, and estimated arrival times. By leveraging sensor-based insights and GPS tracking, the system enhances operational efficiency, minimizes transit delays, and aids fleet management through accurate location data. It enables transit authorities to make informed decisions on re-routing and scheduling adjustments, improving service reliability. Future enhancements may include route history analysis, speed monitoring, and predictive analytics to forecast delays. Automated alerts can also notify users of schedule changes. This cost-effective, scalable solution improves urban mobility by reducing uncertainties for passengers and optimizing resource allocation for transit operators. The system’s ability to collect and analyze large datasets supports better route planning and service reliability. Furthermore, integrating an open API allows compatibility with smart city initiatives, contributing to efficient urban transportation. By ensuring accurate, real-time tracking, this system enhances public transport efficiency, reliability, and user satisfaction.