Optimal Placement of Active Power Filters in Distribution Networks Using the PSO Algorithm

The enhanced integration of distributed systems generation, in combination with the ever-increasing number of non-linear loads, can cause serious problems in the power grid. Considering the costs of alternative low-carbon technologies, like battery energy storage and electric mobility, are decreasing, the share of low-carbon technologies is expected to be significantly higher than it is today. The distortions of the voltage and current waveforms resulting from the aforementioned trends may fall below the thresholds established by the standard. However, when these systems are connected in a radial distribution feeder, their combined effects can elevate harmonic levels beyond acceptable limits, potentially surpassing the thresholds set by the EN 50160 standard. This paper presents an optimization model designed for the optimal distribution of active power filters (APF) through the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Due to the unique nature of harmonic injection into the radial distribution system (RDS), this paper considers load changes within the network. The assessment of the proposed methodology was conducted under two distinct network conditions. The results show that production and consumption variations significantly impact the optimal sizing and distribution of APF.