Synergistic Integration of SPR With Photonic Crystal Fibers for Emerging Biosensing Strategies and Real-World Applications

This article explains a comprehensive study of the present and future enhancement of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based physical and biosensors. PCFs unique structure, which includes air holes in the cladding region, allows it to collect liquid or gas samples. Novel sensing applications that are not achievable with traditional optical fibers are made possible by the precise interaction between the sample and confined light. PCF sensors are categorized into two types based on measurements: physical and biosensor. Physical sensors can detect temperature, refractive index (RI), pressure, displacement, and other parameters, whereas biosensors can monitor blood components, viruses, enzymes, bacteria, antibodies, chemicals, nucleic acid, food, water, glucose, and pH. This article highlights the advantages of PCF biosensors over the conventional biosensors, and the outcomes of the study indicate that surface plasmon resonance-based RI sensors improve the sensing capabilities of PCF biosensors, making them appropriate for a wide range of biosensing applications. Recent research on PCF-based biosensors for different applications is reviewed.