Coordinated Optimal Dispatch in Active Distribution Network Considering SOC Equalization of Distributed Energy Storage and Multi-Agent Cooperative Game

In active distribution network (ADN), the unbalanced state-of-charge (SOC) of distributed energy storage (DES), coupled with the intertwined interests of multiple stakeholders, significantly increases the complexity of system coordination and scheduling. In this regard, a coordinated optimal dispatch in ADN considering SOC equalization of DES and multi-agent cooperative game is proposed. Firstly, a power allocation strategy for DES based on SOC equalization is proposed. In this strategy, DES units are divided into a priority charging group and a priority discharging group, and the balanced optimization of charging and discharging power among storage units is achieved through a double-layer allocation of inter-group and intra-group. Secondly, to accurately describe the economic interactions among distribution system operator, DES operator, and load aggregators during the energy trading process in ADN, a multi-agent trading framework is proposed. Then, Nash bargaining theory is introduced to establish a multi-agent cooperative game model, aiming to enhance the economic benefits of all participating entities. Finally, we validate the proposed method on an IEEE 33-bus system. Numerical results show that the proposed method improves the social benefit by $93,241 while ensuring the relative equalization of SOC among DESs during operation.