Measurement and Signal Compensation Method of Permanent Magnet Guideway Irregularity in High-Temperature Superconducting Pinning Maglev System

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning maglev has attracted wide attention due to its advantages in levitation stability, energy consumption, and control systems. The permanent magnet guideway (PMG) irregularity is regarded as one of the primary excitation sources of the HTS pinning maglev system. It directly affects the operational safety, dynamic stability, and passenger comfort of HTS pinning maglev trains. Current research predominantly utilizes surface magnetic induction intensity to characterize PMG irregularity. However, the system may encounter additional vibration sources during the practical measurement process, resulting in deviations from the sensor’s measurement baseline. In this article, a PMG irregularity measurement system with multisensor fusion is developed. The potential spatial deviations that may occur during the measurement process are decomposed into vertical and lateral components. The vertical measurement reference deviations are determined through the mid-chord offset method, while lateral reference deviations are established by the reference signal measured by the Hall sensor array. Signal compensation is based on the analytical calculations of the Halbach PMG array. Finally, the surface PMG irregularity relationship is obtained by interpolation calculation. This research provides a common method for measuring PMG irregularity, which has been applied to the HTS pinning maglev test line. The obtained surface PMG irregularity can provide data support for the subsequent dynamic simulation of HTS pinning maglev.