Demodulation Performance and Spectral Efficiency Analysis of LoRa Modulation with Different Spreading Factors

In this paper, we focus on analyzing the demodulation performance and spectral efficiency of LoRa modulation under different spreading factors (SF) to effectively predict its effectiveness and reliability in different Internet of Things (IoT) communication environments. The bit error rate(BER) performance as well as the sensitivity to the frequency offset under different SF are derived. The simulation results show that LoRa modulation under higher SF has better BER performance, and at the same time has better antinormalized frequency shift capability; lower SF makes LoRa modulation more spectrally efficient, but requires higher transmit power consumption.