FPGA Implementation of the CORDIC Algorithm for Sinusoidal Waveform Generation

This paper presents the design and implementation of an FPGA-based Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) based on the CORDIC algorithm for accurate and efficient sine and cosine waveform generation. Traditional DDS architectures suffer from extensive lookup for large data tables, which require a lot of memory and are quite limiting on scalability. In contrast, CORDIC is a direct hardware-based solution for trigonometric calculations, and being direct, it allows for lower memory usages with reasonable accuracy. The proposed system comprises a phase accumulator, a mode of amplitude conversion based on the CORDIC algorithm, and digital to analog converters. With all of this implemented on an FPGA, the processing is proposed to be done in parallel and will, therefore, achieve maximum speed in its execution. Simulation and synthesis results illustrate extremely high accuracy, which records errors in the range of $\pm 0.01$, the error rate below 1 percent, and with computation of below 100 nanoseconds per iteration. The design also served to be efficient regarding power and would draw the least resources from logic, thus making it optimal for the design and real-time applications for utility as a modulator, demodulator, and signal generator. The load of CORDIC uses FPGA technology that will provide with high scalability, low-power, and efficient performance for modern communication and signal processing systems.