Methods to Compute Magnetic Flux Linkages Along H-Based Finite Element Formulations

This work presents four methods to obtain flux linkages along an ${\boldsymbol {H}}$ -based formulation in the same elegant and efficient way as along magnetic vector potential formulations. In a post-processing step, the magnetic vector potential is found: 1) as a by-product of a penalized ${\boldsymbol {H}}$ -formulation; 2) by solving an additional field problem; 3) by the Biot–Savart (BS) integral; and 4) by the Poincaré integral. The magnetic scalar potential formulation combined with the BS or the Poincaré integral allows to solve the magnetic field and post-process the magnetic fluxes of an industry-relevant example with a five times better computational efficiency than the standard magnetic vector potential approach.