Mechanism of Transmission Line Icing in High Altitude Area and Optimization of De-Icing Technology Algorithm

Due to its unique meteorological conditions, topography and line parameters, transmission lines frequently suffer from icing in winter, resulting in physical damage and electrical failure, which seriously threatens the reliability and safety of power grid. This paper analyzes the influence of meteorological conditions, types of icing, topography and geographical environment, route direction and hanging height on the formation of icing, and summarizes the traditional deicing and anti-icing technologies such as current melting method, mechanical deicing method and natural deicing method. In view of the special environmental conditions in high altitude areas, this study proposes an adaptive current control algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the current according to real-time meteorological conditions and line safety restrictions to improve deicing efficiency, reduce energy consumption and ensure operational safety. MATLAB/Simulink simulation shows that the optimized model is superior to the traditional method in deicing time, energy consumption and safety, which shows that the algorithm optimization has a remarkable effect in improving the adaptability and intelligence level of deicing and anti-icing technology. The research results provide a new technical path for the prevention and control of icing on transmission lines in high altitude areas, and have important practical application value and popularization prospects.