Unpacking Youth Privacy Management in AI Systems: A Privacy Calculus Model Analysis

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in daily life has introduced substantial issues in protecting user privacy, particularly for young digital citizens. This study examines the complex dynamics of privacy management in AI systems utilizing the Privacy Calculus Model (PCM), with 482 participants: 176 young digital citizens (ages 16–19), 146 parents and educators, and 160 AI specialists. The research used a mixed methods approach to analyze key characteristics, including data ownership, user control, parental data sharing attitude, transparency, trust, perceived risks, benefits, and education. The results underscore the necessity of promoting digital literacy, establishing trust through transparent practices, and implementing collaborative approaches for privacy governance. The study emphasizes the significance of customized educational activities and regulatory frameworks that enable users to manage the trade-offs between the advantages and risks of data sharing by including varied views. This research enhances ethical AI development and advocates equal privacy safeguards for children and young adults.