Energy Management Strategy for Hydrogen-Electric Hybrid UAVs Based on State Machine Control

This study proposes an intelligent energy management strategy for hydrogen-electric hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on State Machine Control (SMC), aiming to address the energy distribution issues between hydrogen fuel cells and lithium batteries during flight. By developing dynamic models for both the fuel cell and the lithium battery, and integrating a state machine control strategy, a hierarchical control method for energy management is introduced to optimize system efficiency and energy consumption. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can smoothly regulate power output, while physical tests confirm that the UAV can achieve long-duration flights in complex environments. This research provides theoretical support for the application of hydrogen-electric hybrid UAVs and contributes to the advancement of clean energy technologies in the aviation sector. Additionally, the study highlights key challenges, such as the complexity of energy combinations and multi-objective optimization, and addresses them through innovative solutions.