Optimal Synergy Model in Smart Cities for Energy Imbalance Reduction

This paper aims to present a comprehensive energy synergy model that integrates all energy sectors to collaborate in meeting consumer demands for water, gas, and electricity, with the objective of reducing energy imbalances in smart cities. The implementation of this model demonstrates that establishing interconnections between different energy systems leads to precise macro-level planning for mitigating energy imbalances in a smart city. Accordingly, all defined energy systems are fully simulated as a model of a smart city, and the proposed synergy model is implemented for urban energy management in a case study smart city. Based on the results, the energy hub system has successfully supplied 86.45 % of its electricity production by exchanging energy with the smart city's power grid. Additionally, due to the tri-modal capacity in the proposed synergy model, the total operational cost has been significantly reduced.