Optimized Intelligent Energy Management for Isolated Smart Homes with Solar, Hydrogen, and V2H Integration

The increasing integration of renewable energy systems and electric vehicles (EVs) has opened new opportunities for autonomous energy management in vehicle-tohome (V2H) applications. This study presents a hybrid power system designed to optimize energy flow between a photovoltaic (PV) system, a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a battery energy storage system (BESS), and an isolated home. The proposed intelligent energy management strategy ensures efficient utilization of available energy sources while maintaining system reliability and autonomy. The control strategy prioritizes PV power as the primary energy source to supply household loads and charge the battery system when excess energy is available. During energy deficits, the battery discharges to compensate for the shortfall, followed by the PEMFC, which serves as a backup energy source. The system incorporates bidirectional converters to facilitate V2H functionality, enabling EV batteries to support home energy demands when necessary. The control logic dynamically adjusts energy flow based on real-time load demand, state of charge (SOC) of the battery and EV, and hydrogen fuel levels in the PEMFC. Simulation results validate the performance of the energy management system, demonstrating its ability to maintain power balance, enhance energy efficiency, and reduce reliance on external grid support. This autonomous hybrid power system represents a practical solution for V2H applications, integrating renewable and sustainable energy technologies to meet the growing energy demands of smart homes.