Analysis of Lightning Overvoltage on the Transmission Line Near a Substation under Multiple Lightning Strikes

Lightning strikes are a predominant factor leading to power outages and equipment damage in electrical systems, with multiple strikes constituting up to 80% of lightning-related incidents. While existing lightning protection designs primarily address single lightning strike scenarios, the overvoltage propagation mechanisms induced by multiple lightning strikes remain underexplored. To address this research gap, this study has established an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission line near a substation using ATP-EMTP, specifically investigating the impact of multiple lightning strikes and lightning strike positions on lightning-induced overvoltage. The research indicated that subsequent lightning strikes, particularly those occurring three or more times continuously, would generate higher overvoltage due to their higher current steepness. Additionally, the position of the lightning strike significantly influences the magnitude of overvoltage, with closer distances correlating to higher peaks. These findings provide theoretical guidance for improving the lightning protection efficacy of transmission lines and substations exposed to multiple lightning strikes, thereby contributing to the safe and stable operation of power systems.