A Four-Stage Stackelberg Game Model of the Shore Power Industry Considering Government, Utility Supply, Port and Shipping Company

The significant expense involved in shore power retrofitting and construction, combined with the low willingness of both ships and ports to utilize shore power, has resulted in a low shore power utilization rate. This paper incorporates the utility supply into Stackelberg's dynamic game framework and creates a four-stage game model for the government, the port, the utility supply, and the shipping company. The government, acting as the leader, sets the carbon tax rate while the utility supply, the port, and the shipping company, as followers, establish electricity tariff, service charge, and freight. Solving the four-stage Stackelberg game model optimizes the profits of the utility supply, the port, and the shipping company. There is willingness from each party to promote shore power, resulting in increased utilization rate of shore power.