Accurate Arm Currents Estimation for Dead-Time Compensation in Modular Multilevel Converters

This paper proposes a method for estimating arm currents in modular multilevel converters, addressing critical dead-time effects in low-switching-frequency applications with small arm inductors. In this case, dead-time effects become significant and require compensation. Accurate estimation is essential, especially near zero-crossings, where precise compensation is required. Unlike previous studies the primarily focus on low-ripple conditions, this work introduces a comprehensive approach tailored for high-ripple conditions, enabling more effective dead-time compensation and improved performance of the system.