Solid-State Drive Over-Provisioning Technology and its Impact on the Ability to Erase Individual Files

NAND memory used in solid-state drives has a limited write resource. Memory made using QLC technology, which is gaining popularity at the moment, has an even smaller resource, as it provides the highest data recording density. To extend its life span and improve its performance, the drive uses various technologies such as TRIM, Deallocate, Garbage collection, Wear Leveling, and Over-Provisioning. The use of these technologies makes the processes of recording, storing, and deleting data from a drive non-trivial. Consequently, the complexity of the internal processes occurring in solid-state drives makes it impossible to completely erase individual files using methods that work on traditional HDD drives. Various methods are used to solve the problem of mashing individual files on solid-state drives. However, none of them are fast effective and universal simultaneously. The article provides their analysis and evaluation of their effectiveness. Estimates of the possibility of creating a universal software algorithm for mashing data are given. The analysis of the effect of Over-Provisioning technology on file mashing is carried out.