Modeling of Ellectrically Small HF Antenna on a Rough Sea Surface

The performance of an electrically small cylindrically folded helix for maritime use at HF band is discussed. The antenna is modeled in ocean environments of Beaufort Sea States 0, 3, and 4. Various studies are conducting including the size of the rough sea, the transition to infinite Sommerfeld sea surface, effect of the supporting buoy's ground, just to name a few. Impact on the radiation pattern at near-horizon angles is also considered. Results show that the antenna's performance while affected, is still feasible for the states up to at least level 4.