Low-Bit Volterra Equalization with Automatic Grouping-Enabled Non-Uniform Quantization for High-Speed DML-Based IM/DD Systems

We propose an automatic grouping-enabled non-uniform quantization approach for efficient Volterra equalization in > 50-Gbaud DML-based IM/DD systems. The proposed scheme achieves up to $75.6 \%$ storage savings while maintaining BER accuracy, significantly outperforming uniform quantization.