Tightly Coupled SLAM With Imprecise Architectural Plans

Robots navigating indoor environments often have access to architectural plans, which can serve as prior knowledge to enhance their localization and mapping capabilities. While some SLAM algorithms leverage these plans for global localization in real-world environments, they typically overlook a critical challenge: the “as-planned” architectural designs frequently deviate from the “as-built” real-world environments. To address this gap, we present a novel algorithm that tightly couples LIDAR-based simultaneous localization and mapping with architectural plans in the presence of deviations. Our method utilizes a multi-layered semantic representation to not only localize the robot, but also to estimate global alignment and structural deviations between “as-planned” and “as-built” environments in real-time. To validate our approach, we performed experiments in simulated and real datasets demonstrating robustness to structural deviations up to 35 cm and $15^\circ$. On average, our method achieves 43% less localization error than baselines in simulated environments, while in real environments, the “as-built” 3D maps show 7% lower average alignment error.