Influence of Laguerre–Gaussian Laser Dynamics on Terahertz Generation Inside Inhomogeneous Plasma

The research presented in this article offers a theoretical framework concerning the self-focusing and terahertz (THz) generation of LG laser beams in a nonhomogeneous plasma medium. Upon incidence of the laser beam onto the plasma medium, a refractive index gradient is generated that causes the wavefront to collapse and produce a sharp focal point. In this study, we have employed the moment theory approach to derive the differential equations pertinent to self-focusing and THz generation. The analysis reveals that the behavior of the laser beam and THz radiation is significantly influenced by the parameters of both the laser beam and the plasma, including laser intensity and plasma density, among others. Various modes of the laser beam exhibit distinct impacts on self-focusing and the efficiency of radiation emissions. It has been observed that the TEM₀₃ mode yields the highest THz generation efficiency.