A Bio-Inspired Ionic Retina

Herein, we demonstrate a bio-inspired retina by developing inhibitory and excitatory artificial synapses. By fine-tuning the ionic hydrogel structures to confine ion transport, these synapses achieve negative or positive modulation of optical signals without additional input. Integrating these synapses enables advanced tasks such as image recognition, motion analysis, and obstacle avoidance. This work offers a new approach for constructing bio-inspired retinas by precisely regulating ion transport, bringing it closer to the functionality of biological retinas.