Optimal Dispatch for Multi-Energy Coupling of Electricity, Heat, Gas, and Hydrogen in IES Based on Laddered Carbon Trading

Under the goals of dual carbon, to enhance the lowcarbon operation capability and economic efficiency of the integrated energy system, this paper presents an optimal dispatch model for a system with electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen. First, power-to-gas is refined, integrating equipment such as electrolyzer, methane reactors, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells to achieve efficient hydrogen production and utilization. Second, a laddered carbon trading mechanism is constructed, and a systematic analysis is conducted on the impact of key parameters, such as carbon trading base price, ladder length, and growth rate, on economic benefits and carbon emission reduction effects. Furthermore, a combined heat and power operating strategy with an adjustable heat-to-electricity ratio is proposed to achieve dynamic adjustment of heat and power output, enhancing system operational flexibility. Finally, a case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model in consuming wind power output and promoting low-carbon system operation.