Next-Generation Sub-6 GHz Antenna Solutions: A Review on Scalability and Performance Optimization of Radiating Elements

Antennas play a pivotal role in enhancing the performance of modern wireless communication systems. With increasing demands to overcome challenges like weather fluctuations, signal scattering, and multipath effects, reconfigurable antennas have emerged as a promising solution. Their adaptability and efficiency have garnered substantial attention, as they can adjust operational characteristics without altering physical dimensions. This flexibility allows for the optimization of key performance metrics such as data rate, gain, channel capacity, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), while also minimizing space requirements. This paper provides a concise review of various design approaches for reconfigurable antennas, investigates switching techniques enabling reconfiguration, and examines recent advancements in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems employing reconfigurable antenna technology.