Addressing 3D Digital Twin in Xr Remote Fab Lab Over Sliced 5G Networks

This paper presents a pioneering approach to developing remote Fabrication Laboratory (Fab Lab) using extended reality (XR) and 3D digital twins, enabled by cutting-edge advancements in private 5G networks. These XR Fab Labs enable multi-user remote collaboration and real-time control of R&D and manufacturing processes. Taking advantage of 3D digital twins and XR technologies, users can interact, review, and manipulate 3D models in a virtual space. The integration of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and network slicing within an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN)-based private 5 G framework provides robust low-latency connectivity. An operational demonstration compared eMBB and URLLC slices under congestion, while a user Quality of Experience (QoE) survey revealed high usability and minimal perceived latency. This approach confirms the feasibility of integrating XR-based digital twins with 5 G slicing capability for remote design and manufacturing in cyber-physical spaces.