Continuous Relaxation of Discontinuous Shrinkage Operator: Proximal Inclusion and Conversion

We present a principled way of deriving a continuous relaxation of a given discontinuous shrinkage operator, which is based on two fundamental results, proximal inclusion and conversion. Using our results, the discontinuous operator is converted, via double inversion, to a continuous operator; more precisely, the associated “set-valued” operator is converted to a “single-valued” Lipschitz continuous operator. The first illustrative example is the firm shrinkage operator which can be derived as a continuous relaxation of the hard shrinkage operator. We also derive a new operator as a continuous relaxation of the discontinuous shrinkage operator associated with the so-called reverse ordered weighted $\ell _{1}$ (ROWL) penalty. Numerical examples demonstrate potential advantages of the continuous relaxation.