Simulation Study of Lightning Indirect Effects on Electric Vehicle

The electronic systems of electric vehicles (EVs) are highly integrated and lightning-induced electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) pose a significant threat to their safety. This paper derives the expression for the lightning electromagnetic environment and establishes an EV simulation model. The electromagnetic distribution characteristics inside the vehicle are computed under different cases. The simulation results show that the metal body provides effective shielding. The direction of the excitation source has a significant impact on electronic devices. At present, the design of sensitive components within EV fails to fulfill the protection requirements for typical lightning environments. Several viable protection strategies have been proposed. This study provides theoretical support and optimization directions for lightning protection design in EV.