Communication Accessibility Oriented Deployment Strategy of Hybrid IoT Terminals for Dispatching Large-Scale Flexible Loads in Power Systems

The global power system transition highlights the potential contribution of flexible loads as regulation resources for addressing fluctuations from emerging renewable energies. To dispatch flexible loads accurately and instantly, the power systems impose higher requirements of communication accessibility on local access services in communication systems, i.e., massive terminal access, frequent interaction, and cost-efficient accessibility. Thus, to enhance communication accessibility, this paper proposes a bi-level optimization framework to deploy hybrid Internet of Things (IoT) terminals for dispatching large-scale flexible loads by load aggregators to provide regulation resources in power systems. The framework includes: 1) a deployment strategy of hybrid IoT terminals considering various communication performances; 2) a bi-level optimization model integrating the interaction between the power system regulation scheme and the communication system deployment strategy; 3) an iterative algorithm addressing communication demands of load aggregators and the communication performance of different IoT terminals. Moreover, the numerical results demonstrate the proposed strategy can provide effective communication accessibility and further improve local access services.