Fabrication of g-C3N4-Co3O4/TiO2 Composite Nanofiber Layers by Electrospinning for Indoor Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Photoanodes

Nanofibers are a promising 1-D nanomaterial with significant potential to enhance the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. The heterojunction composite material of g-C₃N₄ and Co₃O₄ (CN-Co₃O₄) is believed to improve electron transport. In this study, electrospinning technology was employed to incorporate a small amount of CN-Co₃O₄ into TiO₂ nanofibers, forming composite nanofibers that serve as an additional layer for the photoanode. Photovoltaic performance measurements confirm that CN-Co₃O₄/TiO₂ nanofibers enhance electron transfer capability and increase the utilization of incident light. Under AM1.5G conditions, the cell modified with CN-Co₃O₄/TiO₂ nanofibers achieved a conversion efficiency of 6.14%, representing an approximate 42% improvement compared with unmodified cells. Furthermore, under a light intensity of 1800 lx, the cell exhibited a high conversion efficiency of 24.95%.