Average Model and Controller Design for Virtual Synchronous Generator

This paper proposes a novel systematic design procedure for virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) and develops an average VSG model. The VSG comprises distributed generators, an energy storage system consisting of a battery and a DC-DC converter (DDC), and a VSG controller based on the swing equation. Determining the rated power (energy capacity) of the battery and the controller parameters for both the DDC and the VSG is essential, as these factors directly impact the cost and performance of the VSG. The proposed design method enables the determination of the VSG and DDC controller parameters, as well as rated power (energy capacity) of the battery, by incorporating the dynamics of the VSG, DDC, and ESS. Although the proposed design procedure utilizes the time response of the VSG obtained through simulation, the proposed average model for the VSG significantly reduces the simulation time. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of both the proposed design procedure and the average model.