Blockchain-Driven Nutrition Facts Traceability in Indonesia: Enhancing Transparency and Trust in the Food Industry

Indonesia faces significant challenges in ensuring transparency and accuracy in nutrition labeling, particularly due to the prevalence of unverified claims in the market. To address these issues, the integration of blockchain technology into nutrition facts and Certificate of Analysis (CoA) traceability presents a transformative solution for enhancing This study introduces two blockchain-based models designed to meet distinct objectives: the first focuses on enhancing consumer traceability of BPOM (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan or Indonesian Food and Drug Authority) licenses, while the second targets CoA traceability to ensure batch-specific quality consistency. Embedding these processes in a decentralized system allows stakeholders to verify nutrition facts and quality claims through immutable and transparent records. Smart contracts automate critical functions, such as regulatory audits, license issuance, and CoA validation, ensuring data integrity and streamlining compliance processes. Internal traceability offers stakeholders detailed insights into production and distribution, while external traceability empowers consumers with comprehensive product information through a single QR code scan. These findings highlight the research's significant contributions by proposing blockchain models designed specifically for nutrition facts and CoA traceability, addressing key gaps in traditional food labeling systems. These models ensure immutable records and enable seamless verification processes. This research aligns with objectives to enhance consumer trust, improve regulatory compliance, and support business valuation by creating a transparent, efficient system that empowers both stakeholders and consumers.