What You See Is What You Get: Prototype Generation for IoT End-User Programming

With the rapid development of IoT technology, IoT-enabled systems, represented by smart homes, are becoming ubiquitous. In order to support personalized user requirements, such systems appeal to the end-user programming paradigm. This paradigm allows end-users to describe their requirements using TAP (Trigger-Action Programming) rules, which can be deployed on demand. However, writing TAP rules is error-prone and end-users are often unaware of the actual effects of the rules they write, given the context-sensitive nature of these effects. It is highly desirable that TAP rules can be validated before deployment. Unfortunately, requirements validation for IoT end-user programming has not received much attention so far. Therefore, this paper proposes to generate experience prototypes for IoT end-user programming using TAP rules. The difficulty lies in how to orchestrate user experience delivery service scenarios according to TAP rule and context changes, and effectively demonstrate these scenarios. We present a dynamic assembly approach for simulation model systems used for service scenario orchestration. By simulation, we synthesize desired system behaviors, system device behaviors, and context changes. Leveraging the simulation traces of each component, we employ animation techniques specifically designed to highlight user-aware changes. These experience prototypes allow end-users to directly understand the effects of the IoT-enabled systems, thereby determining whether their intentions are satisfied. Experimental results show that our approach is usable and effective for end-users and the generated experience prototypes are context-aware, capable of representing real-world service scenarios, effective, and efficient in requirements validation.