Enhanced Clutter Suppression and GMTIm Algorithm With Modified DKP and NCS for Single-Channel Spaceborne- Maneuvering BFSAR

Single-channel spaceborne-maneuvering bistatic forward-looking synthetic aperture radar (SS-BFSAR) enables the maneuvering platform to achieve high-resolution forward-looking imaging without deploying additional antennas or transmitting the radar signal. Nevertheless, achieving the suppression of spatial variant clutter with only the single-channel configuration remains a critical challenge for the ground-moving target imaging (GMTIm) mission of SS-BFSAR. This study proposes an enhanced clutter suppression and GMTIm algorithm for SS-BFSAR. First, the proposed modified deramp-keystone processing (DKP) completely decouples the echo signal in range and azimuth while avoiding the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) degradation caused by the azimuth spectrum aliasing. Subsequently, two prefocusing approaches are developed with nonlinear chirp scaling (NCS), i.e., global NCS (GNCS) and block NCS (BNCS), to achieve deep focusing of spatial variant clutter while introducing differences of Doppler frequency position (DFP) between the clutter and GMT. These approaches preserve the clutter consistency of the prefocus results, thereby ensuring that the GMT signal exhibits high SCR following the image domain cancellation. Finally, a matched filter and the proposed monostatic-equivalent model (MEM) are used to refocus the GMT and estimate its velocity. The proposed algorithm can simultaneously obtain the well-focused ground scene image and the GMTIm result without DFP drift caused by the target’s motion. Comparative experiments using simulation and real data demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.