Blockchain-based Cross-domain Authentication Techniques in Decentralized Identity

Recent digital transformation across industries has extended the demands for secure cross-domain transactions and data sharing. However, traditional Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)-based systems encounter challenges deriving from implementing centralized identity management setting, such as single-point failures, data silos, and insufficient privacy safeguards. Blockchain-based Decentralized Identity (DID) schemes have emerged as a promising solution to addressing cross-domain authentication challenges. In this work, we have systematically examined DID applications in cross-domain authentication, analyzing core mechanisms, e.g., privacy-preserving techniques, anonymous credentials, and lightweight verification protocols. We also investigate a few key supportive technologies, including Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) and cryptographic accumulators. Main findings of this work covers identifying consensus mechanism limitations and suggesting future potential research directions.