A Comprehensive Survey on RIS-Enhanced Physical Layer Security in UAV-Assisted Networks

This survey provides an in-depth examination of the role of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in enhancing physical layer security (PLS) within uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted networks, which are essential for the secure and efficient operation of sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications. The study covers various types of RIS—passive, active, and hybrid—and their applications in both terrestrial and aerial environments to strengthen PLS. Key focus areas include advanced PLS techniques, such as optimizing UAV trajectory, beamforming, and RIS phase-shift configurations, all aimed at improving secrecy rates (SRs) while mitigating the risks of eavesdropping and jamming. Moreover, the survey also addresses strategies for enhancing energy-efficient SRs and implementing anti-jamming mechanisms within UAV-assisted networks. Additionally, it explores the integration of RIS-UAV systems with emerging technologies, such as nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), mobile-edge computing (MEC), cognitive radio, and THz networks, demonstrating how security can be enhanced in such networks. Through detailed performance analysis, this article highlights the transformative potential of RIS-equipped UAVs in overcoming the potential security challenges for future 6G networks. Finally, the survey presents lessons learned and identifies critical future research directions and open challenges, offering insights that will guide the development of robust and secure RIS-assisted UAV systems in next-generation wireless networks.