Short Course: Ultra-Low-Power References and Oscillators

This talk reviews the state of the art in ultra-low-power voltage references as well as RC oscillators and 32kHz crystal oscillators. The focus is on sub-?W designs, including many in the sub-nW range. Threshold-based references and bandgap references are discussed, as well as oscillators with power consumptions that range from pW with relatively poor temperature and line sensitivities, to tens of nW with excellent frequency stability.